The first of a two-part article in the Family Law Journal provides a very brief history of adoption and special guardianship, an overview of current policy developments, proposals for future reform, a statistical overview, a summary of some recent research, some comparisons between the two placements, orders and (to a lesser extent with long-term foster care) contact. Part 2 will examine some interesting recent case law, including on leave to revoke placement orders/oppose adoption orders where the two types of placement –adoption or special guardianship – have gone head-to-head and, in passing at least, involved consideration of foster care.